Traininga dog in indoor obedience classes requires precision, patience, and a pocketful of rewards that won’t clear the room. While your Labrador might go wild for liverwurst, your fellow handlers (and the facility’s ventilation system) probably won’t share your enthusiasm. Odor-free training treats aren’t just a courtesy—they’re a strategic necessity that keeps everyone focused on what matters: your dog’s progress.
The challenge lies in finding rewards that are simultaneously low-odor for humans but high-value for dogs. Many trainers discover too late that “odor-free” on the label doesn’t mean their treat pouch won’t develop a lingering funk, or that their dog will actually accept the offering with enthusiasm. Understanding what makes a treat truly suitable for indoor environments requires looking beyond marketing claims to ingredients, manufacturing processes, and canine nutritional psychology.
Top 10 Odor-Free Training Treats for Indoor Obedience Classes
Detailed Product Reviews
1. Bocce’s Bakery Quack, Quack, Quack Training Treats for Dogs, Wheat-Free Dog Treats, Made with Real Ingredients, Baked in The USA, All-Natural & Low Calorie Training Bites, Duck & Blueberry, 6 oz
Overview: Bocce’s Bakery Quack, Quack, Quack Training Treats deliver a premium training solution for discerning dog owners. These wheat-free bites combine real duck and blueberry in a 6-ounce package, with each treat containing just 4 calories. Baked in the USA using locally-sourced ingredients, these treats cater to health-conscious pet parents who refuse to compromise on quality during training sessions.
What Makes It Stand Out: The standout feature is the exceptional ingredient integrity—real duck as the primary protein source paired with antioxidant-rich blueberries. The ultra-low calorie count of 4 calories per treat allows for extensive repetitive training without weight concerns. Bocce’s commitment to being wheat, corn, and soy-free while eliminating all artificial preservatives addresses common canine allergies and sensitivities. The brand’s authentic origin story, beginning in a tiny NYC kitchen with a scruffy mutt named Bocce, resonates with pet owners who value small-batch craftsmanship over mass production.
Value for Money: At $7.99 for 6 ounces ($21.31 per pound), these treats command a premium price point. However, the cost is justified by USA-based manufacturing, high-quality protein sources, and the absence of cheap fillers. Compared to conventional training treats loaded with by-products and grains, you’re investing in your dog’s long-term health. For dedicated trainers, the price reflects the quality of ingredients and ethical production standards.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths include impeccable ingredient sourcing, low-calorie design perfect for extended training, allergy-friendly formulation, ideal bite-size shape, and trustworthy domestic production. Weaknesses involve the high per-pound cost, small bag size that may deplete quickly for multiple dogs or intensive training, and limited flavor variety in this specific SKU. Some owners of large breeds might find the treats excessively small.
Bottom Line: These treats are an outstanding investment for trainers prioritizing ingredient quality and canine health. While priced at a premium, the nutritional integrity and training-specific design make them worth every penny for single-dog households or moderate training schedules.
2. PUREPET Silicone Dog Training Treat Pouches for Teaching Obedience Keeps Rewards Clean (1 Treat Pouch)
Overview: The PUREPET Silicone Dog Training Treat Pouch redefines convenience for dedicated dog trainers. This professional-grade accessory, measuring 5" x 4" x 2.125", attaches securely to your belt via a sturdy clip, liberating your hands for leash handling, hand signals, and clicker work. Constructed from food-grade silicone, it provides a hygienic, contained environment for high-value rewards during obedience sessions.
What Makes It Stand Out: Unlike traditional fabric treat bags that harbor bacteria and retain unpleasant odors, the non-porous silicone construction prevents contamination and is completely dishwasher safe—a game-changer for trainers using moist or raw food rewards. The material’s rigidity maintains shape during active movement, preventing treat spillage during runs or agility work. Its compact dimensions strike an ideal balance between capacity and portability, accommodating enough treats for extended sessions without bulk.
Value for Money: At $18.89 for a single unit, the pouch sits in the mid-range for training accessories. The investment pays dividends through longevity—silicone outlasts fabric alternatives that require frequent replacement due to staining and odor buildup. For professional trainers, the multi-pack options provide substantial savings. When compared to repeatedly replacing $10-12 fabric pouches, this one-time purchase proves economically sound within months.
Strengths and Weaknesses: Strengths include superior hygiene, effortless cleaning, durable food-grade material, secure belt clip, and professional aesthetics suitable for client-facing trainers. Weaknesses involve the premium single-unit price, potential clip fatigue over years of use, silicone’s stiffness in winter temperatures, and limited capacity for those preferring oversized rewards. The minimalist design lacks additional pockets for clickers or waste bags.
Bottom Line: This pouch is an essential tool for serious trainers who prioritize cleanliness and durability. While the upfront cost exceeds basic fabric options, the sanitization benefits and extended lifespan make it a worthwhile investment for both professional handlers and hygiene-conscious pet parents.
Why Odor-Free Treats Are Essential for Indoor Training
Indoor training facilities present unique challenges that outdoor sessions simply don’t face. Enclosed spaces mean scents accumulate quickly, and what seems mildly aromatic at home can become overwhelming in a room with ten dogs and their handlers. Strong-smelling treats don’t just offend human noses—they can distract other dogs in the class, creating a cascade of whining, sniffing, and broken focus that derails the entire session.
Facility managers often have strict policies about permitted treats, and violating these rules can get you uninvited from classes. Beyond etiquette, consider the social dynamics: your dog’s success depends on a calm, controlled environment where all handlers can maintain their pet’s attention. When your treats smell like a deli counter, you’re essentially sabotaging your classmates’ training efforts while making yourself “that person” everyone avoids sitting near.
What “Odor-Free” Really Means for Dog Treats
The Science Behind Smell and Canine Motivation
Here’s the paradox: dogs experience the world through scent, so completely odorless treats would be pointless. The goal isn’t to eliminate smell but to minimize volatile organic compounds that humans find offensive while preserving enough aroma to motivate your dog. High-quality odor-free treats achieve this through careful ingredient selection and low-temperature dehydration processes that lock in flavor compounds dogs love without releasing the pungent fatty acids that humans detect.
The most effective indoor treats strike a delicate balance: they contain enough animal protein to register as “high value” to your dog’s olfactory system but are processed in ways that prevent the oxidation of fats—the primary culprit behind those lingering, rancid smells that permeate treat pouches and training facilities.
Common Misconceptions About Low-Odor Treats
Many handlers assume that “odor-free” means “low-value,” leading them to reserve stinky treats for difficult behaviors. This creates inconsistent reinforcement that confuses dogs. Another myth suggests that if humans can’t smell it, dogs can’t either—a fundamental misunderstanding of canine olfactory capabilities. Dogs have up to 300 million olfactory receptors compared to our measly 6 million, meaning they can detect rewards at concentrations imperceptible to us.
Some trainers also believe that natural automatically equals smelly. While it’s true that many natural treats are heavily scented, modern processing techniques can preserve nutritional integrity while minimizing odor. The key is understanding which ingredients and methods achieve both goals simultaneously.
Key Ingredients That Keep Odors at Bay
Protein Sources That Minimize Smell
The foundation of any training treat is its protein content, but not all proteins are created equal when it comes to odor. Lean poultry breast, white fish, and egg whites produce significantly less smell than red meats, organ meats, or oily fish like salmon. Manufacturers who use muscle meat rather than by-products also tend to produce less aromatic treats because they’re working with cleaner protein sources that contain fewer blood and fat residues.
Plant-based proteins like chickpeas, lentils, and peas can serve as excellent low-odor bases, especially when combined with small amounts of animal protein for palatability. These ingredients provide the necessary protein content without the fatty acid breakdown that creates strong smells. However, ensure these aren’t just filler—they should be whole ingredients, not processed meals or isolates.
Binding Agents and Fillers to Avoid
The “extras” in dog treats often contribute more to odor than the primary proteins. Avoid treats listing “animal fat” or “meat meal” without specificity—these vague terms usually indicate rendered products that oxidize quickly and smell terrible. Similarly, artificial preservatives like BHA and BHT might extend shelf life but can develop chemical odors, especially in warm environments.
Instead, look for natural binders like sweet potato, pumpkin, or tapioca starch. These ingredients not only hold treats together with minimal odor but also offer digestive benefits. Be wary of glycerin, a common humectant that can create a sickly-sweet smell and often indicates a treat high in processed carbohydrates.
The Role of Natural Preservatives
Vitamin E (mixed tocopherols), rosemary extract, and citric acid are your allies in the fight against treat odor. These natural preservatives prevent fat oxidation—the chemical process that makes treats go rancid and smelly—without adding their own offensive aromas. They work by neutralizing free radicals, essentially putting the brakes on the degradation process that creates those nose-wrinkling compounds.
Treats preserved with these ingredients typically have shorter shelf lives once opened, which is actually a good sign. It means the manufacturer isn’t relying on harsh chemicals to mask poor ingredient quality. Plan to use opened packages within 4-6 weeks and store them properly to maintain freshness without odor.
Texture and Size: The Two Pillars of Effective Training Treats
Why Soft and Chewy Wins for Indoor Classes
Soft, pliable treats offer multiple advantages in indoor settings. First, they break apart easily, allowing you to adjust reward size on the fly without creating crumbs that smell as they decompose in carpet fibers. Second, dogs consume them quickly—usually in one or two bites—maintaining training momentum. Hard, crunchy treats require more chewing time, breaking your dog’s focus and extending the interval between behavior and reward.
The ideal texture resembles a dense cookie dough: firm enough to handle without crumbling but soft enough to pinch into smaller pieces. This consistency also indicates adequate moisture content, which helps prevent the treat from becoming dusty or stale-smelling in your pouch. Avoid anything described as “crunchy,” “hard,” or “jerky-like” for indoor obedience work.
Portion Control: The Pea-Sized Rule
In a one-hour class, you might deliver 50-100 rewards. If each treat is the size of a commercial dog biscuit, you’re feeding an extra meal’s worth of calories. The solution is simple: each piece should be no larger than a pea for medium-sized dogs, scaling down to a peppercorn for toy breeds and up to a blueberry for giant breeds.
This micro-sizing serves dual purposes. It keeps calorie intake manageable and ensures rapid consumption. Many commercial treats can be easily broken into smaller pieces, but test this before class—some crumble into aromatic dust that defeats the odor-free purpose. Look for perforated treats or those scored for easy division.
Nutritional Considerations for High-Frequency Rewarding
Calorie Density: The Hidden Challenge
Odor-free doesn’t mean calorie-free, and the math gets scary fast. A typical training session might involve 80 rewards. If each treat contains 3 calories, you’ve added 240 calories—essentially an extra meal for a small dog. Multiply this by multiple weekly classes, and weight gain becomes inevitable.
Aim for treats containing 1-2 calories per pea-sized piece. This often means choosing treats specifically marketed as “training treats” rather than general rewards. Check the calorie content on the label and do the division: if a treat contains 20 calories and you can break it into 10 pieces, you’re in the right zone.
Balancing Macronutrients for Sustained Energy
Indoor classes require mental focus, which means stable blood sugar. Treats high in simple carbohydrates cause energy spikes and crashes, leading to hyperactivity followed by lethargy—exactly what you don’t want during training. Instead, prioritize treats with moderate protein (15-25%), low to moderate fat (5-10%), and complex carbohydrates from whole food sources.
This macronutrient profile provides quick energy without the crash, supports muscle function during repetitive sits and stays, and prevents the greasy residue that high-fat treats leave in your pouch. Fat content deserves special attention—while fat improves palatability, it also oxidizes and smells. The sweet spot is around 7-8% fat content, enough for flavor without the funk.
Allergen Awareness in Group Training Environments
The “Big Eight” Canine Allergens
In a group class, you’re training alongside dogs with potentially severe food sensitivities. The most common allergens—beef, dairy, wheat, chicken, egg, lamb, soy, and pork—appear in countless treats. Using these in close proximity can trigger reactions in sensitive dogs through airborne particles or accidental ingestion of dropped treats.
This doesn’t mean you must avoid all common allergens, but awareness matters. If using chicken-based treats, position yourself away from known allergic dogs and be meticulous about cleanup. Better yet, consider novel proteins like rabbit, duck, or kangaroo for group settings. These are not only less likely to cause reactions but often have milder odors.
Cross-Contamination Concerns
Your treat pouch becomes a vector for allergens. If you switch between chicken treats at home and fish treats for class without thoroughly cleaning the pouch, you’re cross-contaminating. Use dedicated pouches for class treats, and wash them weekly in hot, soapy water. For severe allergy situations, consider using sealed, single-serve packages that you open fresh each class.
Some facilities now require treats to remain in sealed containers until use, a policy that actually helps preserve odor-free qualities. Embrace these rules—they protect all participants and force you to be more intentional about treat selection and handling.
Packaging and Storage Solutions for Freshness
Resealable vs. Single-Serve Options
Resealable bags offer convenience but can trap odors if not sealed properly. The zipper mechanism often fails before the treats are gone, allowing air exchange that degrades quality. Single-serve packages eliminate this issue entirely—each portion stays fresh until opened, and there’s no lingering smell in your gear.
For the best of both worlds, transfer treats from their original packaging into airtight, smell-proof containers designed for human food storage. Glass jars with rubber gaskets or specialized treat tubes with silicone seals work exceptionally well. These containers also prevent the “treat pouch smell” that develops when fabric absorbs treat oils over time.
Temperature and Humidity Control
Your car becomes an oven between home and class, accelerating fat oxidation and odor production. Never leave treats in a hot vehicle. Instead, transport them in an insulated lunch bag with a small ice pack. Once at class, keep treats in your sealed container rather than loose in a pouch pocket.
At home, store unopened packages in a cool, dark place—ideally under 70°F. After opening, refrigerate if the package recommends it, but allow treats to come to room temperature before class. Cold treats release fewer aromatic compounds, which might reduce their appeal to your dog when you need maximum motivation.
Cost-Effectiveness Without Compromising Quality
Price Per Treat Calculations
The sticker price means nothing without context. A $15 bag might seem expensive until you realize it contains 500 pea-sized pieces, working out to $0.03 per reward. Conversely, a $5 bag with only 50 treats costs $0.10 each—three times more expensive per training session.
Calculate the price per treat based on how many usable pieces you’ll actually get. Factor in waste from crumbling or treats your dog refuses. The most economical option is often a larger bag of high-quality treats that you portion yourself, rather than pre-sized treats that may be too large or inconsistent in quality.
Bulk Buying Strategies
Purchasing in bulk reduces cost but introduces spoilage risk. Only buy quantities you can use within the manufacturer’s recommended timeframe—usually 3-4 months for unopened packages. Split bulk purchases with training classmates who share your treat philosophy. This approach reduces individual cost while ensuring everyone uses compatible, low-odor options.
Consider subscription services from reputable manufacturers. These often provide 10-15% discounts and deliver fresh product on a schedule, preventing the “emergency purchase” of subpar treats when you run out. Just ensure you can adjust delivery frequency based on your actual usage.
Homemade vs. Commercial: Making the Right Choice
Pros and Cons of DIY Odor-Free Treats
Making treats at home gives you complete control over ingredients and allows you to create truly minimal-odor options using lean turkey breast or white fish. You can portion them perfectly for your dog and avoid all fillers. However, homemade treats lack commercial preservatives, meaning they spoil faster and can actually develop worse odors if not stored properly.
The dehydration process is critical. Home dehydrators rarely achieve the consistent low temperatures needed to minimize odor while ensuring food safety. Under-dried treats grow mold (dangerous and smelly), while over-dried ones become hard and lose palatability. Without testing equipment, you’re guessing at moisture content—a risky game when feeding frequently.
What to Look for in Commercial Brands
Reputable commercial manufacturers invest in quality control that ensures consistent odor levels, nutritional content, and safety. Look for brands that specifically mention “low odor” or “indoor training” on packaging. These companies have typically formulated their products with enclosed spaces in mind.
Check for manufacturing transparency: Do they own their facilities or use co-packers? Brands with dedicated production lines have better control over cross-contamination and quality. Look for a company with a customer service line you can call with questions—this accessibility often indicates pride in their product and formulation expertise.
Training-Specific Features That Enhance Learning
High-Value vs. Low-Value Rewards in Odor-Free Form
Every trainer needs a treat hierarchy. For indoor classes, you want a baseline treat that’s reliably odor-free but palatable enough for easy behaviors, plus a “jackpot” treat that’s slightly more aromatic but still facility-friendly for breakthrough moments. This might mean using plain chicken breast treats for sits and stays, then switching to salmon-based rewards (still low-odor but more pungent) for complex sequence work.
The key is maintaining the distinction without crossing into offensive territory. Your jackpot treat should still be acceptable to the facility and classmates. Test this by having a friend smell the treat at arm’s length. If they can identify it as “fishy” or “meaty,” it’s too strong for indoor use.
The Importance of Rapid Consumption
The interval between behavior and reward should be under two seconds for optimal learning. If your dog takes five seconds to chew a treat, you’ve lost critical timing and allowed their attention to wander. Soft, small treats that dissolve quickly in the mouth are ideal.
Consider your dog’s individual eating style. A gulper might handle slightly larger pieces, while a careful chewer needs something that breaks down instantly. Some dogs do better with treat “pastes” squeezed from a tube—zero chewing time, maximum speed. These products are specifically designed for training and often have lower odor profiles than solid treats.
Environmental and Social Considerations
Impact on Indoor Air Quality
Poor-quality treats release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that affect more than just noses. In facilities with limited ventilation, these compounds can contribute to headaches and respiratory irritation for humans and stress behaviors in dogs. Choosing truly low-VOC treats is an act of environmental responsibility.
Some facilities are now measuring air quality and restricting treat types accordingly. Forward-thinking trainers select treats that meet these emerging standards, ensuring they’re welcome in any venue. This future-proofs your training toolkit and demonstrates professionalism to facility owners.
Respecting Fellow Handlers and Facilities
Your treat choice reflects your training philosophy. Handlers who bring pungent treats to indoor classes signal that their dog’s motivation trumps group dynamics. This approach often backfires—dogs learn to work only for the smelliest rewards, creating dependency on precisely what you shouldn’t use in shared spaces.
Conversely, mastering training with subtle, low-odor treats proves your skill as a handler. It shows you can motivate your dog through timing, consistency, and relationship rather than relying on olfactory bribery. This approach builds a stronger, more reliable training partnership and earns respect from instructors and peers.
Reading Labels Like a Professional Trainer
Red Flags in Ingredient Lists
Learn to spot problematic ingredients that signal odor issues ahead. “Natural flavors” is a vague term that can hide concentrated animal digests—incredibly smelly and often low-quality. “Meat by-products” indicates unspecified protein sources that vary in odor intensity and palatability.
Watch for excessive salt (sodium chloride), which manufacturers sometimes use to mask poor-quality ingredients. While salt enhances flavor, it creates thirst and can cause dogs to become distracted by water bowl seeking. Anything listing sugar, corn syrup, or other sweeteners is designed for human appeal, not canine health, and offers no training advantage.
Guaranteed Analysis: What the Numbers Mean
The guaranteed analysis panel provides crucial odor clues. Fat content over 15% usually means smell issues, especially if the fat source isn’t specified. Protein below 15% suggests the treat relies on carbohydrates and flavorings rather than quality meat, which often means added odors to increase palatability.
Moisture content matters too. Treats above 25% moisture can mold quickly, while those below 10% tend to be hard and crumbly. The sweet spot for odor-free training treats is 12-18% moisture—enough softness for quick eating without spoilage risk.
Transitioning Between Treat Types Successfully
Gradual Introduction Protocols
Never show up to class with a brand-new treat your dog has never tried. The stress of a new environment combined with an unfamiliar reward can cause refusal, forcing you to resort to smelly backup treats. Introduce new odor-free options at home during low-stress training sessions, mixing them with familiar favorites.
Start with a 75/25 ratio of old to new treats, gradually shifting over two weeks. This allows your dog to associate the new treat with rewards while you observe for any digestive issues or disinterest. Keep a small bag of the old reliable treats as backup during transition, but resist the urge to use them unless absolutely necessary.
Maintaining Motivation During Switches
Dogs can be suspicious of change. If your dog shows reluctance with new odor-free treats, enhance their value through presentation. Use them only for the easiest, most heavily rewarded behaviors initially. Carry them in a special pouch reserved for high-value rewards. Your excitement about the treat becomes part of its value.
Some handlers find success with “treat chaining”—giving a new low-odor treat immediately followed by a tiny piece of a familiar, slightly smellier reward. This creates a positive association, though it requires careful timing to avoid confusing the dog about which treat is the actual reward.
Troubleshooting Common Odor-Free Treat Challenges
When Your Dog Loses Interest
A dog turning up their nose at odor-free treats often indicates the reward isn’t valuable enough for the difficulty of the task, not that the treat itself is flawed. Increase your rate of reinforcement—give more treats more frequently for simpler behaviors to rebuild value. Practice “reward storms” where you deliver 5-6 treats in rapid succession for a single behavior.
Check for freshness. Even odor-free treats go stale and lose palatability. If treats have been open for more than a month, they may smell fine to you but taste bland to your dog. Rotate between 2-3 different low-odor options to prevent boredom, but ensure all are facility-approved.
Dealing with Crumbling or Dryness
Crumbling treats create smell through increased surface area and leave debris that other dogs find distracting. If your treats are drying out, add a small piece of bread to the storage container. The bread’s moisture will transfer to the treats without making them soggy. Replace the bread piece every few days to prevent mold.
For severely dried treats, a few seconds in the microwave with a damp paper towel can restore pliability. Use them immediately after this treatment, as the added moisture reduces shelf life. Consider this a last resort—proper storage from the start prevents this issue entirely.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can a treat really be both odor-free and high-value for my dog?
Absolutely. The key is quality ingredients and proper processing. Dogs detect scents at concentrations far below human perception, so a treat that smells mild to you can still be incredibly exciting to your dog. Focus on fresh, whole-food ingredients and avoid treats that rely on strong smells to compensate for poor quality.
2. How do I know if a treat is too smelly for my indoor class?
The arm’s length test is reliable: hold the treat at arm’s length and have a friend sniff. If they can identify it as meat, fish, or cheese, it’s too strong. Additionally, if other dogs in class start staring at your treat pouch instead of their handlers, you’ve crossed the line. When in doubt, ask your instructor—they’ll appreciate your consideration.
3. My dog has allergies. What odor-free protein sources should I consider?
Novel proteins like rabbit, duck, venison, or kangaroo are excellent low-allergen, typically low-odor options. For dogs with multiple sensitivities, single-ingredient treats made from sweet potato or chickpeas with a small amount of fish oil can work. Always introduce new proteins slowly and monitor for reactions.
4. Are freeze-dried treats a good odor-free option for indoor training?
Freeze-drying preserves nutrients with minimal odor, but many freeze-dried meats still smell quite strong. The exception is freeze-dried white fish or chicken breast, which tend to be milder. The texture can be problematic—many are crunchy and slow to eat. Look for freeze-dried options specifically marketed as “training treats” with a softer texture.
5. How long do odor-free treats actually stay fresh after opening?
Most quality treats remain fresh for 4-6 weeks after opening if stored properly in an airtight container. Treats with higher moisture content (15-20%) may last only 2-3 weeks. Write the opening date on the bag with a permanent marker. If treats develop any off-smell (even if mild), discoloration, or texture changes, discard them immediately.
6. Can I make my own odor-free treats that are safe for frequent rewarding?
Yes, but it requires precision. Use lean poultry or white fish, cook thoroughly, and dehydrate at consistent low temperatures (160-165°F) until treats reach 12-15% moisture. Without a moisture meter, this is difficult to judge. Most home dehydrators can’t guarantee food safety, so limit homemade treats to occasional use rather than daily training rewards.
7. Why does my treat pouch still smell even when using odor-free treats?
Fabric pouches absorb oils over time, creating a residual smell. Wash your pouch weekly in hot water with enzymatic detergent. Consider switching to a silicone-lined pouch or a hard-sided treat container that doesn’t absorb oils. Never leave treats in your pouch between classes—empty and air it out after each use.
8. Are vegetarian treats viable for odor-free obedience training?
Many dogs work enthusiastically for high-quality vegetarian treats, especially those containing egg or small amounts of cheese. Look for options with at least 15% protein from legumes, eggs, or dairy. The key is ensuring your dog finds them valuable enough—test at home first. Vegetarian treats often have the mildest odor profile of all options.
9. How many different treat varieties should I bring to a single class?
Bring two varieties: your standard low-odor treat for 90% of rewards, and a slightly higher-value (but still facility-appropriate) option for jackpot moments. More than two creates decision fatigue for you and inconsistency for your dog. Keep them in separate, labeled containers to avoid confusion during fast-paced training.
10. What should I do if my instructor bans all treats except those they provide?
This policy often exists for good reasons—severe allergies, facility rules, or training philosophy. Respect it completely. Use the provided treats as opportunities to practice building value through timing and praise rather than food quality. You can always supplement with high-value rewards at home to maintain your dog’s overall motivation, but in class, follow the rules without exception.